三种通过常规气象变量估算实际蒸散量模型的适用性比较

Evaluation of applicability of three evapotranspiration models using meteorological data

为了分析比较3种通过常规气象变量估算实际蒸散量模型的适用性,采用无量纲化分析方法将基于互补相关理论的平流-干旱(简称AA模型)模型和Granger模型与Katerji和Perrier提出的通过气象变量确定表面阻力进而直接估算实际蒸散量的Penman-Monteith(P-M-Katerji)模型转化为类似的可比形式,即将实际蒸散量与Penman潜在蒸散量之比(蒸散比)表示为Penman潜在蒸散量中辐射项所占比例的函数。3种模型分别采用不同的函数形式,通过对函数特性的分析发现,AA模型适用于既不非常干燥和也不非常湿润的环境,计算的实际蒸散量在干燥的环境下偏小,而在湿润的环境下偏大;Granger模型在蒸散比变化范围较大都适用,并且在一般湿润状况下与AA模型近似等价;P-M-Katerji模型在蒸散比变化范围较大时模拟效果不好。通过干旱(黑河试验沙漠与戈壁站)与湿润(淮河试验安徽寿县站)两种状况下的实测数据的对比分析验证了理论分析的正确性。

The applicability of three models used to estimate the evapotranspiration based on general meteorological data is analyzed.The models include the advection-aridity(AA) model,Granger model and the improved Penman-Monteith model proposed by Katerji and Perrier,namely P-M-Katerji model.The dimensionless analysis method is applied,by which the ratio of actual evapotranspiration to Penman potential evapotranspiration is expressed as a function of the proportion of the radiation term in Penman potential evapotran...