高寒区潜在蒸散量的计算方法探讨

Estimation of the Potential Evapotranspiration in Paramos

用黄河源区的玛多、达日、久治和玛曲4个气象站1971-2005年的气温、风速、日照时间、水汽压等资料,对4种常用的潜在蒸散量计算方法在高寒区的适用性进行了分析,并对Makkink方法进行了改进。结果表明:Makkink方法在全年都有明显的低估现象;Priestley and Taylor法除冬、春季外有高估现象;Hargreaves and Samani温度法在玛多站全年均有低估现象,在其他站春、秋、冬季有低估现象;国内Penman修正式计算的潜在蒸散量值与FAO Penman-Monteith法较接近,但国内Penman修正式在春、夏季有轻微的高估现象;改进的Makkink方法所需资料简便易得,计算精度高,在高寒区具有很强的实用性。

In this study,we compared the suitability of 4 commonly used methods of estimating potential evapotranspiration and their estimation precision based on measured meteorological data,including air temperature,wind speed,sunshine duration and vapor pressure,collected by 4 meteorological stations in the headwaters of the Yellow River from 1971 to 2005.The results of the study were as follows:(1) The ET0 values estimated separately using each of the 4 methods and the FAO Penman-Monteith method were significantly...