蔡清对朱熹《本义》的折中修正——以“保合太和”与“继善成性”的注解为例

CAI Qing's Development and Expansion from ZHU Xi's Original Meanings of the Zhouyi——Taking His Annotations of Two Idioms as Case Studies

蔡清对朱熹《本义》的研究,是在逐字逐句的斟酌中走向前进。他对朱注强调全面理解,并多有义理发挥和字义辩证。在"保合太和"论中,以实理充盈诠解"保合太和",符合朱熹以理为本解释天道流行圆满的主旨;注意"各正性命"与"保合太和"的区别,并将"利"与"贞"分说之;认为"各正"虽指向理,但理不能离气。在"继善成性"论中,肯定"动静无端",道具于阴与行于阳是同一过程的两面;突出道的地位和作用,认为继善与成性相互发明,其间的差异并不具有绝对性的意义;承认人性兼有善恶高下,推进程颢以来善恶皆谓性和理有善恶的观点,具体化了朱熹对孟子性善论性而不言气的批评;讲性善重要的不在于"善"的质的统一,而在于量的差别。

CAI Qing s research on ZHU Xi s Benyi (Original Meanings of the Zhouyi) proceeds along with weighing every word of the book. He gave prominence to an overall understanding to ZHU s Commentaries and expanded ZHU s views with discriminations of certain characters. In comprehending the idiom of Bao he tai he (lit.,keeping the great harmony),CAI Qing interpreted this idiom as that the Shi li (Substantial Principle) is full and permeating into all corners of the universe,which was in alignment with ZHU Xi s purp...