长江水能资源开发中水库泥沙问题的探讨

RESERVOIR SEDIMENT PROBLEMS OF THE WATER POWER PROJECTS OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

长江水能资源规划开发段,从虎跳峡至葛洲坝诸梯级泥沙周转量5740×10~8t·km/a,水能蕴藏量5940×10~8kw·h/a,其中发电用水能约占2/3。长江各水库的库容,无论是与年径流量还是与年输沙量相比,大都不大。水库泥沙淤积问题,可通过多种途径解决。99%的悬移质泥沙可利用长江动力输送。合理利用水库,输沙单位能耗约为0.48-0.10kW·h/t·km,从上往下减少。卵石和部分粗沙由机械采运和水库拦截。要重视水土保持。

The reach from Tiger Jump George to Gezhouba Dam is planned to develop thewater power resource.The kilometer-tonnage of sediment transport is 5740×10~8t·km/a;and the water power potential is 5940×10~8kW·h/a,two thirds of which will be utilizedby the water power plants.The volume of each reservoir is not large compared eitherwith the annual water runoff or with the sediment load mostly.Several measures arenecessary to solve the reservoir sediment problems.About 99% of the suspended loadwill be still transported by the Yangtze River;the specific energy consumption isabout 0.48-0.10kW·h/km·t,decreased from the upper reservoir to lower ones.Thegravel and part of coarse sand will settle in reservoirs or be transported by boat.Itmight be economical.Water and soil conservation should be more emphasized.