贵州地方稻种资源遗传多样性研究和利用的现状与展望

Progress and Prospects of Research and Utilization on Genetic Diversity of Rice Germplasm Resources in Guizhou

贵州高原立体农业生态下经长期自然演变和人工选择而形成的稻种资源遗传多样性的研究与利用已取得较大进展。主要表现在 :( 1 )收集整理了源于不同生态区已全国编目的地方稻种 51 68份 ,并入国家长期种质库保存 ,系统完成了农艺性状和特性鉴定与评价 ,筛选出一批矮秆、大穗、大粒、优质、特种稻等性状优良和抗病虫、耐冷、抗旱性等特性突出的优异种质 ;( 2 )开展了地方稻种中细胞质雄性不育 (CMS)恢复源、非sd -1基因新矮源、广亲和、双多胚等有利基因资源的鉴定和筛选 ;( 3)初步建立以基础样品、活动样品和核心样品的分类数据库为基础的资源信息管理系统 ,形成了一套融性状鉴定与评价、遗传改良、开发创新与基因库拓展的多层次多途径相结合的种质资源工作体系。还就当前稻种遗传多样性研究现状与未来发展的要求 ,从表型鉴定评价向分子标记与图谱等新技术应用相结合以推动研究的深入进行了讨论。

Rice germplasm resources in Guizhou are rich in genetic diversity with relatively large variation of biological characters and various types by the natural evolution and artificial selection. Being identified and sorted systematically and comprehensively with the multi-disciplinary sciences, 5168 traditional varieties collected from 79 counties of Guizhou, accounting for about 10% of the total in China were reproduced and sent to the National Bank of Crops Germplasm Resources at CAAS for long-term conservat...