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亚洲地区硫肥经营管理的重要思考 被引量:5

Important Considerations for S Fertilizer Management in the Asian Region
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摘要 亚太地区对于植物S营养给农业带来的效益已广为人知.本地区一些主要国家所进行的大量田间试验清楚地表明,投入足够的硫肥给作物所带来的产出是令人满意的.在亚太绝大部分地区,普通过磷酸钙(SSP)多年来一直是当作基本的P肥使用.继续使用这种肥料将自然而然地改善和防止缺硫现象.对中国缺硫土壤的地区和缺硫程度的评估说明,有效硫含量低的土壤决不仅仅在中国南方存在,而且也广泛地分布在中国北方.已有不少报道指出,施用硫肥明显地增加了作物产量.这些作物既包括了粮食作物、蔬菜、水果,还包括了工业用作物和经济作物.对中国历来生产和消费的硫酸铵和过磷酸钙(普钙)的一项调查表明,施用普钙既是土壤的主要P,又是S的来源.近年来, 由于普钙的施用, 每年大约可提供270万吨植物S营养. 尽管普钙的生产预计会逐渐减少, 但这种肥料仍将继续成为中国农田的重要硫源.由于普钙作为一种肥料有着不可避免的缺点,在中国人们注意到了在普钙的普遍施用中存在的问题.比如,在亚太地区足P土壤或持S 力弱或淋S多或淋S(SO4)力强的土壤,普钙就不是一种理想的肥料.基于这些认识,就生产出种种新型的或改良的(缓和的)硫肥.这些肥料主要包括元素硫(S0)的添加.这就需要根据特定土壤P、S肥力状况有选择地安排生产,并激励硫肥生产技术的不断改进.本文列举了许多例子描述了此类作为植物S营养的新型和改良的S肥,阐明了它们的生产、性质和特效.在亚太地区,长期以来把元素S看作作物的有效硫源.它的优点在于其含S成分非常高,运、储、使用既经济又便当,分解缓慢肥效长;与N、P、K肥配合施用时可灵活地调节S 的浓度.本文同时将参比粗粒元素S在农艺上的无效性,介绍了元素S在氧化成SO42-过程中的细度问题. 本文简要介绍了现有的两种商品粒状硫肥(S0)的制造技术.这种肥料的优点是具有一定的分散性,粒径几微米,颗粒大小适中.文章并着重强调了这种含S颗粒肥料在平衡施肥项目中以及作为复合肥(复混肥)配料的优越性.本文同时讨论了从有效硫含量高低悬殊很大的土样中获得的平均值用来估计需硫量,往往会作出过高或过低的判断等问题.
机构地区 Fernz SulFer Works Inc
出处 《安徽农业大学学报》 CAS CSCD 2000年第z1期25-36,共12页 Journal of Anhui Agricultural University
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参考文献23

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