含能催化复合纳米材料的制备研究

Preparation of Composite Nanometer-sized Particle

亚铬酸铜是促进复合固体推进剂中高氯酸铵分解的一种很好的催化剂 ,以往制备的亚铬酸铜及高氯酸铵超细微粒易发生团聚 ,因而不能最有效地对高氯酸铵的分解起催化作用。本文采用溶剂 -非溶剂法 ,使溶液变为过饱和而析出晶体 ,高氯酸铵晶体包覆纳米级亚铬酸铜形成复合粒子 ,较好地解决了这一问题。在复合粒子中 ,纳米级的亚铬酸铜微粒均匀分散于高氯酸铵中 ,由于亚铬酸铜纳米粒子具有很大的比表面积和很高的化学活性 ,因而大大提高了对高氯酸铵的催化效果 ,使高氯酸铵的热分解反应温度区间明显前移 。

Copper chromite was mainly used to catalyze and decompose ammonium perchlorate. Ultra fine particals of copper chromite easily aggregated in the past, thus copper chromite can not do well in catalyzing ammonium perchlorate in the composition. In this thesis,we adopt solvent and non-solvent method to make sol not onlybecome oversaturated but also precipitate crystalloid. It was a good settlementthat crystal nanometer-sized copper chromite cladded by ammonium perchlorate and then they formed composite particals. In compound particles, nanometer-sized copper chromite particles homogeneously dispersed in ammonium perchlorate. Surface effect of nanometer-sized copper chromite made catalytic analytical temperature of ammonium perchlorate reduce.