非埋入种植及即刻负重对牙种植体周早期骨吸收的影响

The effect of non-submerged implant and immediate load technique on the early crestal bone loss around dental implants

目的:评价种植体即刻负重的临床效果。方法:选择30例患者植入49颗ITI种植体,其中18例采用传统种植方式(32颗),12例采用非埋入式种植及即刻负重(17颗)。分别在植入后当天、1周、1月、3月、6月、12月拍摄根尖片,测量骨吸收量。结果:所有种植体均无失败,传统种植方式组在各时间段骨吸收量与即刻负重组均无明显差异。讨论:早期理论认为种植体植入后需在无干扰、无负荷状态下完成骨结合,即需要潜入式种植和长达数月的愈合期。但进一步研究表明对新植入种植体施加的载荷只要控制在一定范围内,则可作为一种生理性刺激促进植入体周围骨组织改建矿化。结论:非埋入种植及即刻负重不会影响种植体周早期骨吸收,可获得较好的临床效果。

Objective:To evaluate the clinical results of immediate loading to implants.Methods:A total of 49 ITI implants were placed in the mandibles or maxillae of 30 patients who required implant restoration.Thirty-two implants were used traditional implanted method and delayed loading,and 17 implants were immediately loaded with a provisional crown.The crestal bone loss around dental implants were measured at the day of implant and 1 week,1 month,3 month,6 month,12 month after implant.Results:There was no implant failure,and there was no significant difference in crestal bone loss around dental implants at all periods between traditional group and immediate load group.Discussion:Early implant theories thought that the osseointegration of implant must be completed under no load condition.However,further study showed that the load immediately imposed to implants can be used as a physiological stimulus to promote the bone tissue mineralization surrounding implant as long as the load was controled at a certain range.Conclusion:The application of non-submerged implant surgery and immediate load technique will not affect the crestal bone loss around dental implants,and it is an effective treatment option in implant dentistry.