湖汊型流行区移民血吸虫病疫情纵向监测

Longitudinal surveillance on endemic situation of schistosomiasis among immigrants in fork-beach subtype endemic areas in Dongting Lake

目的探讨湖南省湖汊型流行区移民建镇后居民血吸虫病流行变化规律。方法 2002～2008年,对观测地区移民进行血吸虫病情及洲滩螺情纵向监测,比较不同性别、不同年龄、不同职业移民血吸虫感染率差异。结果 2002～2008年,移民血吸虫感染率分别为10.57%、11.78%、5.17%、6.01%、3.14%、1.00%、1.37%,下降趋势明显。感染率男性高于女性,渔民及半农半渔民职业高于其它职业。从2003到2008年,虽然每年进行了钉螺控制,但外洲钉螺和感染性钉螺仍持续存在,且密度没有明显变化。结论湖汊型疫区移民建镇后,每年采取化疗措施可以使居民血吸虫感染率下降到较低程度,但对于不同职业,下降幅度存在着差异。由于洲滩钉螺和感染性钉螺变化不大,居民再感染仍然维持在较高水平。

Objective To explore the prevalence situation and change trend of schistosomiasis in forkbeach subtype endemic areas after carrying out resettlement and establishment of town in Hunan province. Methods The infection rate of schistosomiasis among immigrants and the snails status in marshland were longitudinally surveyed and analyzed from 2002 to 2008. Results From 2002 to 2008, the infection rate of schistosomiasis among immigrants was 10.57%, 11.78%, 5.17%, 6.01%, 3.14%, 1.00% and 1.37%, respectively. The infection rate of schistosomiasis for the male residents was higher than that of female residents and the infection rate for the fisherman and part-time fisherman was higher than that of other occupations. The snail situation was stable from 2003 to 2008 in the marshland outside embankment, although snail control measures were annually undertaken. Conclusion After moved from outside embankment to town in the fork-beach subtype endemic areas, the infection rate of schistosomiasis among residents could be controlled at a lower level by means of chemotherapy, but the decreasing trend was different from occupations. The reinfection rate of schistosomiasis for the residents remained on a higher level for the stability of snail situation on marshland.