《书院说》:晚清书院学田经营的一个历史剖面——地方书院生态的社会学解读

Sociological Explanation of the Management of Community Land of the Academies in Latter Qing Dynasty——Taking Fuyang Academy as an example

晚清道光年间九江德安乡绅燕笙撰就的《书院说》,揭示了敷阳书院学田因田亩不实、田米不清、兑票不靖等因素而导致书院名存实亡的事实。书院在围绕学田经营的利益博弈中,扮演了在场却缺席的社会角色,乡绅、富户通过经营书院学田而攫取利益成为破坏地方书院生态均衡的重要原因。

The rural gentry has an extremely special status in the construction of local academy.They are the main contributors to the academy as well as the participants in the management.During the Daoguang period of latter Qing dynasty,in De'an of Jiujiang,rural gentry named Yan Sheng wrote 'On Academy',which revealed the fact that Fuyang Academy survived in name only because of the problems such as the wrong counting of actual study field,unclear line between field and rice,and problem about bank notes.The academy has played the social role of being on the scene but actually absent in field management.The rural gentry together with the wealthy persons,who seize the benefit through the management of study field,actually become a destructive power to the ecological balance in running the local academy.