贵州烤烟叶部主要病害危害损失调查与分析

Analysis on Loss Caused by Main Leaf Diseases of Flue-cured Tobacco in Guizhou

2004～2008年对贵州烟草普通花叶病(TMV)、烟草蚜传病毒病(CMV、PVY)和烟草赤星病等烤烟叶部主要病害的危害损失进行调查与分析.结果表明:TMV是造成贵州烤烟叶部损失最严重的病害,其次是烟草赤星病和烟草蚜传病毒病,年均产值损失分别为0.32亿元、0.28亿元和0.19亿元.叶部主要病害累计造成烟叶年均产量损失率和产值损失率分别为0.88%～2.68%和1.23%～4.29%,产值损失达0.32～1.23亿元,平均年产值损失为0.78亿元以上.遵义地区、铜仁地区和安顺地区年均产值损失率均超过3.2%,为叶部病害发病的重灾区;黔西南州、黔东南州、毕节地区和黔南州年均产值损失率在2.0%～3.0%;贵阳和六盘水叶部病害近年发生相对较轻,年均产值损失率分别为0.198%和0.416%.TMV分布广泛,以遵义市、毕节地区、安顺地区等发病相对较重;烟草蚜传病毒病地区间发生程度的差别较大,以铜仁地区和遵义市烟叶产值损失率最重,分别为1.273%和0.929%;烟草赤星病在贵州各烟区均有发生,其中黔西南州烟草赤星病危害较重,产值损失率在1.5%以上.

The results from surveying the loss of flue-cured tobacco yield and output value caused by main leaf diseases(TMV,CMV,PVY and Alternaria alternate showed that TMV is the main disease to affect flue-cured tobacco output value,the annual mean output value loss of TMV,Alternaria alternate and CMV/PVY was 32 millions,28 millions and 19 millions respectively and the annual mean yield loss rate,annual mean output value loss rate and annual mean output value loss caused by main leaf diseases of flue-cured tobacco was 0.88%～2.68%,1.23%～4.29% and above 78 millions.The annual mean output value loss rate of Zunyi,Tongren and Anshun regions was above 3.2%,the annual mean output value loss rate of qianxinan,Qiandongnan,Bijie and Qiannan regions was 2.0%～3.0% and the annual mean output value loss rate of Guiyang city and Liupanshui region was 0.198% and 0.416% respectively.TMV occurs in all regions and its disease rate in Zunyi city,Bijie and Anshun regions was relatively higher.The highest output value loss rate caused by CMV and PVY in Tongren region and Zunyi city was 1.273% and 0.929% and the highest output value loss rate caused by Alternaria alternate in Qianxinan region was above 1.5%.