贵州省毒饵站灭鼠技术的研究与应用

Study and Application of Anti-rodent Bait Station Technology in Guizhou Province

为了使毒饵站灭鼠技术得到更好的推广应用,对贵州省2003-2008年该技术的研究与推广应用效果进行了总结。通过在余庆、息烽等县(市)农田区进行PVC管毒饵站、竹筒毒饵站、矿泉水瓶毒饵站与裸露投放毒饵对比试验,结果表明:投饵后3 d平均取食率分别为27.24%、30.64%、9.72%、65.07%;投饵后15 d调查,防治效果分别为78.98%、82.98%、76.37%、83.72%,说明,PVC管毒饵站、竹筒毒饵站、矿泉水瓶毒饵站在农田灭鼠中均具有推广应用价值。2003-2008年在贵州省建立50个农区鼠害综合防治示范区,大力开展毒饵站灭鼠技术推广应用,6年累计完成毒饵站灭鼠技术推广应用面积37.37万hm2,大面积防治效果82.10%,每667 m2挽回粮食损失19.47 kg,累计挽回粮食损失7 639.22万kg,累计挽回产值9 693.11万元,累计防治成本2 902.26万元,累计新增纯收益6 790.85万元,投入产出(挽回)比1∶3.34,取得了显著的经济、社会和生态效益。同时,分析了毒饵站灭鼠的优点,并提出了如何加大毒饵站灭鼠技术推广应用的建议。

In order to promote the rodent bait station technology,the studies and applications were reviewed and summarized in Guizhou Province from 2003 to 2008.The experimental comparison such as PVC pipe bait station,bamboo tube bait station,mineral water bottles bait station,and exposed bait in farmland as the control were undertaken in Yuqing,Xifeng counties,etc.The data showed that the average intake rates after 3 days baiting were 27.24%,30.64%,9.72%,and 65.07% respectively.The control effects after 15 days baiting were 78.98%,82.98%,76.37%,and 83.72% respectively.It was proved that the PVC pipe bait station,bamboo tube bait station,and mineral water bottles bait station were applicable for the rodents control in farmland.50 integrated rodent control demonstration areas have been established in the province from 2003 to 2008 to vigorously promote anti-rodent bait techniques.The techniques were promoted 373700 hm2,with control effectiveness of 82.10% in large scale in the 6 years,and the grain loss was retrieved 19.47 kg/667m2,76392200 kg in total with the total value of 96.9311 million RMB.The significant economic,social,and ecological benefits were achieved with total cost of 29.0226 million RMB,the net benefit increased 67.9085 million RMB,and the cost benefit ratio 1∶3.34.Meanwhile,the advantages of anti-rodent baiting were analyzed,and the way to scale up the promotion of the techniques was also proposed in this paper.