贵阳市阿哈水库农业面源污染调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on Widespread Pollution from the Overuse of Fertilizer and Pesticides around A'ha Reservoir in Guiyang City

以小河区金竹镇为例,对农业面源污染状况进行全面的基础数据调查和人工湿地水质检测,根据地形、种植作物品种、肥料施用状况、降雨特征等因素,对氮肥施用后在土壤中的迁移转化特征进行了分析和估算。结果显示:阿哈水库全流域化肥流失对水库N污染负荷的贡献率达66%,是阿哈水库水体富营养化的主要氮污染源。人工湿地对生活污水中化学耗氧量(COD)和氨氮的去除率可达67.6%和62.5%。根据调查结果,初步提出了农业面源污染的防治措施。

The nitrogen migration and transformation characteristics in soils after nitrogen application were analyzed and calculated according its terrain,crops,fertilizer application and precipitation characteristic based on investigating the situation of widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides and determining the water quality of artificial wetlands in Jinzhu town,Xiaohe district.The results showed that 66% of total nitrogen pollution in A'ha reservoir was from chemical fertilizer loss from A'ha reservoir territory,which was the main nitrogen pollution source of water eutrophication in A'ha reservoir.The artificial wetlands could remove 67.6% COD and 62.5% ammonia nitrogen in living wastewater.The paper puts forward the measures to control widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area on the basis of investigation results.