无形损失、履行差错与十倍赔偿——对《食品安全法》第96条第2款的法经济分析

Intangible Losses,Performance Errors and Ten Times Compensation:An Analysis of Law and Economics on the 2nd Term of the 96th Clause in "Food Security Act"

我国食品安全领域突出存在的无形损失和履行差错,是《食品安全法》规定十倍赔偿的原因。但十倍赔偿不是真正意义上的惩罚性赔偿,因为其赔偿的基数是消费者支付的价款,而不是消费者所受到的损失。因此,十倍赔偿仍不足以使食品经营者内部化其外部效应,也不会加重食品经营者的成本风险,更不会影响社会经济发展的大局。鉴于法律限制了十倍赔偿的适用范围和赔偿金的数量,加之不安全食品的判断标准及其证明责任增加了获得十倍赔偿的难度,消费者获得十倍赔偿之路并不平坦,十倍赔偿对食品消费者的激励不会导致滥诉行为。

There are markedly intangible losses and performance errors in the field of Chinese food security,which accounts for the stipulation of ten times compensation in the 'Food Security Act'.But ten times compensation is not a true punitive compensation because its cardinal number of compensation is the price paid by the consumers,not the losses borne by them.Therefore,it does not give enough impetuses to make food enterprises internalize their external effects,or increase their costs,or affect social and econom...