日本妇女的M型就业状况问题与对策

M-model Employment of Women in Japan: Status Quo Problems and Solutions

Ｍ型就业是由于结婚生育而形成的妇女劳动力率的变化，是一些发达国家妇女就业的主要模式，其中以日本最为典型。Ｍ型就业模式强化了妇女在发展过程中的边缘化地位，不仅有悖于日本“男女共同参与社会”的基本理论，而且也不利于日本经济和社会的可持续发展。为此，日本政府颁行了一系列促进妇女就业的法律政策，力求通过营造兼顾工作和家庭的良好社会环境来促进妇女就业，收到了积极效果。

M-model employment of women, defined as the change in women employment rate due to marriage and children-bearing, is the major pattern of women employment in the developed countries, especialy in Ja- pan. This model pushes women further away from the main stream of the society, which in turn goes against the idea that men and women both got involved in the society and hinders the sustainable development of Japa- nese economy. So Japanese government adopts a series of laws and policies to promote women employment, with the aim to create a good invironment for women to work as well as take good care of the family. The results are fruitful.