地质、地形等因素对龙门石窟开窟造像的影响

The Influence Factor of Geology and Topography on the Carving of Longmen Grottoes

龙门石窟开凿于石灰岩岩体上,其洞窟形制与开凿在砂岩岩体的敦煌、云冈等石窟有所不同。本文主要就地质、地形等因素对龙门石窟洞窟形制和窟龛雕刻的影响方面进行了一些分析和研究,在分析龙门石窟区域地质、地形地貌特征的基础上,认为坚固稳定的岩体是龙门石窟之所以无中心柱结构洞窟,而采用穹隆顶型洞窟的主要原因。之外还对受到地质、地形因素对其他种类洞窟形制、窟龛及雕凿方式等进行了阐述。通过对这些方面的深入研究,将对龙门石窟艺术研究和保护有所补益。

Longmen Grottoes is located in limestone rocks.The shape of grottoes is different from that of Dunhuang and Yungang Grottoes which are carved in sandstone rocks.The article gives analysis and re- search of geology and topography's influence on cave shapes and carvings in Longmen Grottoes.Based on the analysis of characteristics on geology,topography and geomorphology in Longmen areas,the author infers that the stability rocks of Longmen Grottoes is the reason why there are no central column caves instead of dome caves.In addition,this paper discusses other types of shapes and caving ways of Longmen Grottoes.The artistic and conservation research will be ben- efit from further research.