中古汉语否定副词“莫”的历史演变及其动因

Study on the Evolution and the Motivation of the Negative Adverb "mo" in Medieval Chinese

否定副词"莫"从上古发展到中古,在功能上发生了调整:魏晋南北朝时期否定副词"莫"用例明显增加,不仅可以用来表示一般否定,而且可以表示禁止否定。这一调整是内外因相互作用的结果。"莫"之所以能够发展成为否定副词,最根本的原因就是由于无定代词"莫"具备了转化成为否定副词的内在因素:语义上,无定代词"莫"意为"没有谁"或"没有什么";"莫"的句法位置有可能引起重新分析;副词的修饰限制作用进一步促进了否定词"莫"的产生。

The function of the negative adverb 'mo' changed during Archaic and Medieval periods.As a result of the interaction of internal and external causes,'mo' could mean general negation as well as negation of prohibition,which appeared more frequently during Wei-jin Periods,Southern and Northern Dynasties.There were three internal causes for 'mo' to become a negative adverb.First,the uncertain pronoun'mo' means 'nobody' or 'nothing' in semantically.Second,the grammatical location of 'mo' may arouse reanalysis of the sentence.Third,the modification function of adverbs facilitated the formation of the negative adverb 'mo'.