2[1]Toni Morrison, Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the American Literary Imagination, New York: Vintage Books, 1992
3[2]Henry Louis Gates Jr. And Nellie Y.Mckay, The Norton Anthology of African Ameircan Literature
4[3]Emily Eakin, Black Captive in a White Culture? The New York Times, May 5, 2001
5[4]Toni Morrison, Beloved, Alfred A. Knopf, INC, New York 1987
6[5]August Wilson, The Piano Lesson, Penguin Books USA Inc. New York, 1990
7[6]Alice Walker, In Search of Our Mother's Gardens: Womanist Prose. Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing
8[7]Sandra G. Shannon, The Dramatic Vision of August Wilson, Howard University Press, 1997
9[8]Gail Caldwell,"Author Toni Morrison Discusses Her Latest Novel Beloved" (1987), in Conversations with Toni Morrison, ed. Danille Taylor Guthrie, Jackson, University of Missippi Press.
10[9]W.E.B.Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folks, Chicago, A.C.Mcclullg, 1903
