1[1]Nord,Christiane:Translatlng as a Purposeful Acttvity:Functionalist Approaches Explained.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,April,2001.
2[2]Nida,Eugene A.(1964a):Towards a Science of Translating.Leiden,E.J.Brill.
3[3]Lefevere,And re(1992):Trenslating Literature:Practice and Theory in a Comparatrve Context,The Modern Language Assoctation of America,New York.
4[4]Lefevere.Andre(1992):TransIatlng Literature:P ractIce and Theory in a Comparative Context,The Modern Language Association of America,New York.
5[5]Venuti.L(1991):Translation as a Social Practice:papers presented at conference,Humanistic Dilemmas:Translation in the Humanifies and soclal Sciences,at theuniversity of New York,Binghamton,New York.