唐长安住宅的形制与布局

The Layout of Residences of Chang-an in Tang Dynasty

唐长安城的住宅,继承了传统的院落形制,廊院式依然盛行,合院式已经出现,并成为以后中国院落式住宅的发展方向。住宅虽有等级、规模的不同,但主体院子的基本格局则大致相同,即采用有明显中轴线和左右对称的平面布局。像马厩、球场之类的附属设施一般都置于主院之侧。由于受严格的坊里和等级制度的限制,一般住宅都体现出极大的封闭性,且房屋立面不高。和宫殿内依据地势和空间随意设置园林一样,外郭城中的许多住宅置有园林。从住宅的前堂后室到宫室的前朝后寝的院落增加和变化,体现了住宅与宫室的相通性。

The layout inherits traditional heritages and points out new direction for future development.Despite their different ranks and scales,the basic layout was the same,especially their evident axes and symmetries.Accessory architectures,such as stable and playground were placed in side yard.Ordinary residences were closed and small because of rigid restrictions and the system of rank.Many had gardens as well as palaces.And from the front rooms to last,there were also many changes.