摘要
本文简明扼要地陈述了相对论效应,并用以阐明金和汞的若干“反常”而有趣的性质。如金与银在颜色、电离能、稳定氧化态、电子亲合能以及双原子分子和负氧化态化合物的生成等方面有显著差异,这是由于6s_(1/2)轨道的相对论收缩,使能级下降;5d_(5/2)轨道的相对论膨胀,使能级升高;因此两者的能级差变小引起的。对于汞与金性质上的显著差异,汞为什么是液体,以及汞齐化作用,本文提出了一种新的解释。
This paper concisely describes the relativistic effects and by them interprets someanomalistic and interesting properties of the gold and mercury. Gold and silver havedramatically different properties, for example, in color, ionization energy, stable oxidationstate, electron affinity and formation of two atoms molecule and negative oxidation statecompound. These are caused by relativistic contration of 6s_(1/2) orbital, inducing leveldown, relativistic extension outward of 5d_(5/2) orbital, inducing level up, and then makingthe energy difference between the 5d_(5/2) and 6s_(1/2) orbitals much smaller. Aboutdramatically different properties between mercury and gold, why is mercury liquid, andamalgamation, the paper presents a fresh explain.
关键词
相对论
性质
金
汞
金属
effects
relativity
properties
gold
mercury
metal
