农田土壤N_2O生成与排放影响因素及N_2O总量估算的研究

The influencing factors of production and emission of N_2O from agricultural soil and estimation of total N_2O emission

综述了国内外农田土壤N2 O生成与排放及其影响因素、N2 O排放测定技术及总量估算等方面的研究进展 ,指出硝化与反硝化过程均可产生N2 O ,而影响硝化、反硝化过程的土壤水分含量、温度、pH、有机碳含量和土壤质地等是影响农田土壤N2 O生成与排放的重要因素。根据我国各地农田土壤N2 O排放通量测定结果及相应模型分析 ,初步估算全国农田土壤N2 O年排放总量为N 398Gg ,约占全球农田土壤排放总量的 1 0 % ,其中旱田N2 O年排放总量为N 31 0Gg ,水田为N 88Gg。

The advanced research achievements in the processes of N 2O production and emission, their influencing factors and measurement methods and estimation for total N 2O emission are studied in this paper. The results show that N 2O can be produced by nitrification and denitrification. The soil moisture, soil temperature, pH, soil organic carbon content and soil texture are the main factors that influence N 2O production and emission. According to the measured N 2O fluxes and some related models, the total N 2O emission from cropland in China is N 398Gg/ɑ, accounting for 10% of the total emission from agricultural soil in the world. And N 2O emissions are N 310Gg/ɑ and 88Gg/ɑ from upland and paddy fields, respectively.