气候条件对冬小麦穗粒数的影响研究

The effect of climatic elements on the grain number per spike of winter wheat

长期定位试验研究气候条件对冬小麦穗粒数的影响结果表明 ,冬小麦穗粒数主要受返青后 5日滑动平均气温首次≥ 4℃之日～雌雄蕊原基分化时 (即拔节开始天数 )的影响 ,并受其至挑旗期平均最低气温和至抽穗期日照时数的制约。各因素对冬小麦穗粒数的影响大小依次为天数 >日照时数 >平均最低气温。冬小麦高产栽培还应协调好穗数。

Through a long term located experiment, the effect of climatic elements on the grain number per spike of winter wheat were studied. The results show that the days from the time when the average temperature of 5 days is first beyond 4℃ to the time when the differentiation of stamen and pistil primordium begins are the main element to affect the grain number per spike of winter wheat. And it is also affected by the lowest average temperature to the booting stage and the sunshine time to the heading stage. The influencing order of every factors to the grain number per spike of winter wheat is the day number>sunshine time>the lowest average temperature. So the relationships among the spike, the grain number and the 1000 grain weight should be cooperated to get high yield in different years.