女将与金莲——古代通俗小说中女将性别描写的文化内蕴

Female Generals and Their “Bound-feet”: Cultural Meaning of Female General Description in Ancient Chinese Popular Novels

清代通俗小说,往往偏爱写女将容貌与金莲之间存在的对应关系:其一,美貌女将,其金莲必定小巧可爱;小脚描写基本上融合在女性貌美可爱描写之中,成为女将美的有机组成部分;其二,小脚金莲之美往往是女将体现的女性性别魅力最有代表性,最惹眼(男性的眼神)和引人入胜的部位,有的描写还融入了男性的审美与性别感受;其三,与此相映照的是,貌丑者其金莲随之相应长大厚重。这一文学现象与清代社会风气与清人审美观念有关。金莲对女将性别身份具有强调作用,要靠金莲来打造她们的风采。深层心理中,潜存着汉族坚持本民俗习俗的民族意识和民族自尊心,是特定历史时期审美观念与性别意识结合的形象化写照,也是男性心目中理想化女性美的设计蓝图。

In popular novels of the Qing dynasty, the correspondence between the appearance of female generals and their “bound-feet” was a preference to be described. First, the “bound-feet” of the beautiful woman generals must be delicate and lovely, and the description of the “bound-feet” was basically integrated among description of the female beauty and became a part of it. Second, as the most representative and most eye-catching (for men) part of body, the description of delicate “bound-feet” was always fascinating in which feelings and aesthetec senses of men were sometimes added. Third, as a contrast, the “bound feet” of female generals with ugly appearance were often described to be longer, bigger, thicker and heavier. This literary phenomenon was affected by the social morals and esthetic ideas at that time. Because the “bound-feet” could emphasis gender and identity of the female generals, they were used to make their elegant demeanor by the authors. In in-depth psychology, the consciousness and self-respect that Han nationality should persist their national custom are hided bihind such description. It is a visualized portrayal of the union of esthetic idea in the specific historical period and the sex consciousness, as well as a blueprint the idealized female's beauty in the masculine mind.