阶层骤变与俄罗斯利益关系协调机制的失灵

Sudden Change of Stratification and Breakdown of Coordinate System for Interest Relationship in Russia

1980年代以前的俄罗斯社会结构演变是以国家利益至上为主导的一种"无阶级"型态,而1985年之后这个历史轨迹发生了历史性转变,社会利益代替国家利益成为社会结构变迁的主导性因素,具体主要表现在三个方面:一是阶层骤然出现且分化严重突破了俄罗斯社会结构演变的轨迹;二是利益分割及隔离使俄罗斯社会结构快速定型化,并成为其社会结构转型的内在机制;三是社会冲突不断,社会严重失序。从社会结构转型的角度可以看出,俄罗斯的突变性模式更具有利益分化性。俄罗斯在突变性的背景下从某种意义上说也是牺牲绝大多数生活水平的前提下开始的社会结构转型,其中的推动力量是制度转换,其利益协调机制主要是权力,即那些掌握制度转换方向的权力拥有者。

Before 1980,the change of Russian social structure was in a non-class form in which the nation's interest was given top priority.But after 1985,with a historical shift,social interest instead of the nation's interest became the leading factor in the change of social structure which featured as following: the sudden emergence and stratification of classes drastically broke through the way of the change of Russian social structure;the division and isolation of interest shaped the Russian social structure at a fast speed,and functioned as the internal mechanism for the social structure change;the conflicts was constant and the society was in a bad disorder.In the perspective of social structure change,the abrupt change of Russia features more on interest division.To some extent,the sudden change of social structure was carried out at the expense of lowered living standard of the majority of Russian.The system shift is the propelling force,and the power held by persons who lead the system shift is the major interest coordinate mechanism.