我国雇主替代责任制度之反思与重构

Reflections on the System of Employer Liability and its Reconstruction

我国现行的雇主替代责任立法仍有不尽完善之处。按所有制类型区分适用雇主替代责任的主体和适用法人侵权责任的主体,这种立法模式既没有比较法上的依据,也缺少独特的制度价值。我国雇主替代责任应以保护受害人利益为立足点,危险分担理论为支撑,并契合责任之实质内涵。理顺雇佣关系和劳动关系,以雇主替代责任涵盖法人侵权责任。在责任形式上,雇主雇员应承担有限制的连带责任,即雇主承担第一顺位责任,并在诉讼程序上对传统连带责任的实现方式作出限制。

The legislation on the system of employer liability still needs more improvements since the recent legislative pattern in China is lacking in a sound foundation of the comparative method,hence the loss of its unique value.Being supported by the risk-sharing policy,the employer liability in China should focus on the protection of the victim.The author of this paper argues that we should straighten out employment relations and labor relations,emphasizing the employer liability.Employee and employer should bear the limited joint liability,that is,the employee should take the first cis position responsibility.