叔本华哲学:悲观主义与达观主义的结合

Schopenhauer's Philosophy:the Combination of Pessimism and Resilience

从形而上学的层面讲,叔本华的哲学是悲观主义的。他认为意志作为人类的本质,是痛苦的来源,按照他的理论进行推导,这种本质上的痛苦是不能解除的。从普通生活的层面讲,叔本华的哲学是达观主义的。他避开本质上的痛苦,阐述了怎样在日常生活中满足欲望,在艺术中提升自己的意志,从而获得某种表面上的快乐。

Schopenhauer's philosophy is pessimistic,when it comes to its metaphysics,because he believed that will,which is the nature of humans,is the origin of agony.Besides,since will can't be abandoned,such essential agony can't be relieved.Schopenhauer suggested getting rid of anguish through abandoning will,but this view is incompatible with his basic theory,so is not tenable.Schopenhauer's philosophy is resilient when it comes to ordinary life,because overlooking the essential agony,he explained how to satisfy desires in daily life and elevate will when appreciating the beauty in order to get some superficial enjoyment.