周代诗乐分家之流变

The Change to Divide of the Poem and Music of Zhou Dynasty

诗在诞生之初,与乐、歌是合一的。西周时,诗、乐、歌仍然是三位一体,但在祭祀活动中,乐歌为主,诗辞为辅。从春秋时起,乐歌的性质发生了重大的变化:乐歌被天子、诸侯混用,逐渐向声乐、表演的性质转变,最终被新声取代。而诗辞作为乐歌的附属品,在经历了歌诗、赋诗、引诗三种并行不悖的用诗方式之后,便成了专讲义理的工具。自此,诗乐彻底分家。

Ceremonial music of Western Zhou Dynasty mainly is used as a sacrifice activity to take the joy song as a major and an assistance of poems.The characteristics of it made great changes from Spring and Autumn Period.On the one hand,the phenomenon that the emperors and vassals all used it,breaking the strict ranks.A new trend appeared from old ceremonial music to vocal music and performance characteristic and in the end was replaced by new sound. On the other hand,the poem is the accessories of the ceremonial song,but after experiencing three poem ways-the song poem,fu poem and yin poem.The poem became then particularly the tool that expounded reason.From then on,the poem and music was divided thoroughly in a certain period.