庄子解脱论新探——以《庄子》中“心”的义涵为视角

New Exploration of Zhuangzi's Moksa in the Perspective of “Heart” from Zhuangzi

“心死”和“心如死灰”是庄子哲学体系的核心范畴,是解读庄子思想的一大关键。“心死”是指无分别、无对待的本然之真心的丧失,造成“心死”的原因在于对待意识的产生、物欲的诱惑、时空的拘限和道德的束缚等。“心如死灰”的内涵表现为一动静、合虚实、超时空、绝对待等方面,它与佛教的“涅槃”有许多相似之处,又有实质上的区别。从“心死”到“心如死灰”,庄子为人类指出了一条从枷锁到自由的解脱心路,这在今天仍有其重要的启迪意义。

“Heart's death”and“heart like ash”are core categories of Zhuangzi's philosophy, a key to understanding Zhuangzi's thoughts. “Heart's death”means the true heart's loss, and its causes lie in the treatment of conscious production, lure of material desire, limitation of time and space, chain of ethic and so on. The connotations of“heart like ash”have movement and stop, false and true, beyond time and space and others, similar to nirvana in Buddhism but different in essence. These two categories still have significance of enlightenment.