恒有与无常:佛教运动观探析——以说一切有部为中心

Eternity and Impermanence:Exploration of Buddhist Ideas of Motion——School of Everything Eternal as Center

说一切有部作为部派佛教中成立较早的学派,其"三世恒有,法体恒存"的宗义代表了佛教运动观的早期理论形态。有部的宗义发源于对原始佛教经典中法相的相摄、自相、共相等关系的研究,而具有其独特的论证方式和理论内涵。由"无常"而推出"恒有",以"恒有"来论证"无常",是有部对动静辩证关系的独特理解。有部运动观独特的思维方式与理论论证模式被后来的大乘佛教所继承和发展。从原始佛教的"诸行无常",到说一切有部的"法体恒有",再到大乘中观学的非断非常、动静双遣,反映了佛教运动观的辩证发展过程。

The school of everything eternal,established earlier than some other schools,has its early theoretical forms of'eternity in three generations'and 'constant existence of Buddhist body'.Its source of religion comes from the studies on mutual drawing;self-nature and common nature in the Buddhist sutras.It is a uniquely dialectical understanding of motion and motionlessness from'impermanence'to'eternity'and proof of'impermanence'by'eternity'.This thinking way and theoretical mode is inherited and developed by Mahayana.It is a developing process from everything unstable in the early period to'constant existence of Buddhist body',to be without breaking or eternity from Mahayana,and finally to motion and motionlessness.