当代西方政治哲学中的社会公正理论

The Theory of Social Justice in Western Contemporary Political Philosophy

平等是当代西方政治哲学关于社会公正讨论的一个焦点。罗尔斯站在中间偏左的自由主义立场上提出了两条正义原则,要求在保障广泛的基本自由权利的基础上,让最不利者有所得益。这种有点福利主义倾向的差别原则受到了诺齐克等自由至上主义者的批评,后者认为起点和程序面前的平等才是唯一可行的平等,其他的平等都是空想或模式化的原则,只会伤害公民自由包括私有产权。而社群主义和激进派则不接受普遍道义准则、只承认社群具体善观念、或者是要求一种乌托邦式的彻底平等。所有这些争论对于研究市场经济下的社会公正问题提供了有益的启示。

Equality is the focus of social justice discussed about in the Western contemporary philosophy.Rolls puts forward two principles of justice demanding some benefits given to the people who should not be given on the basis of guaranteeing the wide rights of freedom,but this opinion with somewhat welfare is criticized by Nozick and others who regard the freedom as the highest principle.The latter thinks that equality before starting point and procedure is the only equality.Association followers and radicals refuse to accept the criterion of universal morality and justice.All these disputes provide us with revelation when we discuss about social justice under the market economy.