安全保障义务的产生与发展

The Birth and Development of Security Guarantee Obligation

安全保障义务是立法者在综合衡量公共政策、善良风俗、诚信观念、社会经济因素及行为人的预见能力等基础上提出的适用所有行为人的一般性义务规则。早在罗马时期有关准私犯的规定中,已具有了安全保障义务的内容。在大陆法系法官依据诚实信用原则通过判例推导出符合社会道德的一般安全注意义务这一法律概念并最终确定为侵权行为法的一般规则。同时,英、美、法等国基于受害人应当受到保护,即公共利益和公共政策的考量,逐渐在判例中引入注意义务理论。两大法系确立的安全保障义务的规则,对完善当代中国侵权责任法体系具有很好的借鉴作用。

Security guarantee obligation is a rule fit for everybody put forward by law-makers after they weigh the public policy,good custom,honesty idea,social and economic elements on the basis of predictable ability.As early as in the Roman Empire,the contents of security guarantee obligation were in the regulations.The judges,according to honesty principle,deduce usual security obligation by means of cases and the final rule of infringement act in the end.In the meantime the attention obligation theory is introduced into the case by some countries such as Britain,America,France on the basis of victims who should be protected in their interests.The rules of security guarantee obligation in the two law systems are used for reference to the perfection of Chinese infringement law.