海洋溢油光谱分析与卫星信息提取

Spectroscopic Analysis of Oil Spill at Sea and Satellite Information Distilling

通过对海洋中原油、重柴油、轻柴油、润滑油和煤油溢油波谱特征测试分析,绘制各油种不同厚度时光谱特征曲线图,是提取溢油信息的基础。经过多年卫星影像处理实践,筛选出各种油膜不同厚度时的最佳卫星通道组合与增强处理模式,成为理想海洋溢油卫星影像制作的关键技术。并应用户需求在影像中解译出了油膜位置、面积、溢油量、漂移方向和速度。

There is difference in reflectance of the sunlight by sea water and oil on the sea,as well as from different oils.It is primarily based on the different reflectance of sea and oil spill at sea to distinguish the oil and sea that scientists monitor the oil spill at sea using satellite remote sensing,and distilling the information on oil film from satellite remote sensing.So,the awareness of the spectroscopic character curve of the oil spill at sea is the foundation of monitoring the oil spill at sea using satellite remote sensing.Basis on the testing and analysis of spectroscopic character curves of the crude oil from Persian Gulf,fuel oil,diesel oil,lubricating oil,kerosene spill at sea,we can draw the spectroscopic character curves of the different thickness and different oil.Through the analysis of the spectroscopic character curves,it was found that the reflectivity of oil film is associated with its thickness.Through the spectroscopic character curves of the oil spill at sea,we know the reflectivity of the seawater and oil spill at sea are different,but the differences are very small,and the differences at various satellite channels are also different.So only by selecting the exact satellite channels that can the reflectance of seawater and oil more readily,we can improve the successful probability of monitoring the oil spill at sea by the satellite.According to the perennial practice of the satellite images transacting,we have selected the satellite channels that the differences of reflectance between seawater and oil is big,or the channel which contributed much to the information on oil film,to increase the successful probability of the monitor of oil spill at sea.We have summarized the satellite channels combination to distill the oil information at the various oil spills.To facilitate the quantitative comparison,using the ratio of sea and oil film displays the reflectance differences between seawater and oil.We have analyzed the methods and its function of the enhance transacting and ratio expanding to transact the satellite images of the oil spill at sea.On basis of distilling the oil film information from satellite images,it has become the key technique of making sea oil spill satellite images that uses the methods of the enhance transacting and ratio expanding to extrude the oil film information at sea.The paper cited the monitoring examples of satellite remote sensing of the crude oil,fuel oil,diesel oil and lubricating oil spill at sea,and analyzed the usage situation of the technology.Also the paper analyzed the limitation of monitoring the spill oil by optical remote sensing: ①it cannot monitor the oil all the time due to cloud or at night;②it cannot monitor a small quantity of the oil spill due to lower resolving power;③it can only obtain a rough quantity of the oil spill.At last,in the paper we analyzed the disadvantages and prospect of using satellite remote sensing to monitor oil spill at sea.