从工业废水中回收重金属综述

Review on Treatments of Heavy Metals from Wastewater

随着我国工业的发展,废水排放量增加,其中重金属污染已成为一个亟待解决的问题。对传统的处理废水重金属的方法如反渗透法、离子交换法进行了回顾,对各自的优缺点与操作条件进行了比较,综述近年来采用这些方法所取得的成就。着重介绍了新兴的生物方法包括活性污泥法、生物膜法处理废水中重金属的作用机制、操作优点及其应用前景。最后得出,虽然传统的物理化学方法已被广泛使用,但由于各有利弊,需要进一步改进,才能更好的应用于大规模生产。相比之下,大规模应用活性污泥及生物滤器从废水中回收有毒重金属将有极好的应用前景。

Development of industry caused the serious emission of wastewater. Industrial wastewater has detrimental effects on environment,among which heavy metal pollution is an urgent issue. In this article,several traditional physicochemical methods including reverse osmosis and ion exchange were presented,and their advantages,weaknesses and operating conditions were compared respectively. Some biological methods were also represented. The mechanism,merits and perspective of biological methods were discussed. In a word,although the traditional physical and chemical methods have been widely used,they still need further improvement due to their disadvantages. In contrast,large-scale application of bio-filter and activated sludge for toxic heavy metal recycling will have an excellent prospect.