4Arrow, K J. Uncertainty and the welfare economics of medical care[ J ]. American Economic Review. 1963,53 (5) :941-973.
5Pauly M V. The economics of moral hazaed : comment[ J ]. American E-conomic Review, 1968,58:531-537.
6Bakker F M , et al. Deductibles in health insurance: Can the actuarially fair premium reduction exceed the deductible [J]. Health Policy, 2000,53 : 125-143.
7Rice T. The effect off HMOs on premiums in employment - based health Plans [ J ]. Health Service Research. 1992,27 ( 6 ) : 799-811.
8Feldman R , Down B & Cifford C. Containing health care costs in the United States[ J]. Medical Care Review. 1993,49 ( 1 ) : 19-65.
9Blum M. Spell, Workplace characteristics and health care cost contain-ment practice[ J]. Journal of Management. 1996,22 (5) :675-701.
10Shen Y , Ellis R P. Cost-minimizing risk adjustment [ J ]. Journal of Health Economics, 2002,21 (3) :515-530.