中国典型地区岩溶水资源及其生态水文特性

Karst Water Resources in Typical Areas of China and Their Eco-hydrological Characteristics

本文比较中国南北方岩溶水特性及其水资源。在中国南方主要岩溶地区,已知有3358条岩溶地下河系统,枯季流量有420×108m3/a,目前开发量只有8%~15%。而在中国北方岩溶地区主要形成平均流量在1~13m3/a、流域面积在几百至4000km2的近百个大的岩溶泉系统,其水资源开采量已达70%~80%。对一些典型中国岩溶生态水文特性,主要由6个方面,包括水环境、生态特性、母岩与土之间的特质、结构、生物—地质作用及孢粉等方面予以探讨。根据主要的生态条件和人工效应,对有关地质环境与石漠化予以评判。

This paper deals with different karst water features and water resources in southern and northern China. In the main karst regions of southern China, there are over 3,358 well developed karst subterranean river systems with total discharge of about 420×10~8m^3 in the dry season; nevertheless, the exploiting rates are only 8%～15%. In the main karst regions of northern China, over 100 large karst spring systems cover catchment areas from 500 km^2 to over 4,000 km^2 in size , of which the average discharges range from some 1 m^3/s to 13 m^3/s, and the exploiting rates are 70%～80%. The discussion on the eco-hydrological features of some typical karst regions in China includes six aspects, namely, water environment, ecological features, materials and structures between parent rock and soil, bio-geological processes and spore-pollens. The qualitative evaluation of eco-geology and rocky desertification in karst regions should be based on the main karst ecological conditions and artificial impacts.