试论王弼贵无贱有的本体思维

On Wang Bi's Ontology of Non-Being over Being

王弼的哲学思想十分丰富,本体论思想毫无疑问是其哲学思想的核心。王弼是以无为本的贵无论的系统阐发者,正是有赖于他的理性思考和严密论证,“无”的本体地位才得以确立。王弼确立了“无”的本体地位以后,对“有”与“无”的关系也作了详尽的辨析。在他看来,“有”和“无”并不是对立统一的关系,它们之间的关系也不存在不同情况下的不同状态,而是一种异常固定的、天然而不可改变的关系,这种关系简言之就是“无”为本“有”为末、“无”为体“有”为用。王弼虽然不是体用范畴的首创者,但他已初步形成了体用思维方式即已经自觉地运用体用观点分析问题,这是王弼哲学的一大显著特点,是王弼玄学思维达到历史新高峰的标志。

At the center of the rich philosophical resources of Wang Bi is his ontology.He was the first important philosopher to systematically elucidate the idea of non-being over being,in which the non-being is established as the substance.According to him,between being and non-being there is no such a relation as the unity of the opposites,but a stable relation between the substance and its function.Non-being is the substance while being is the function.The concept of substance and function was not originated by Wang Bi,but he used it in his analysis,which was an obvious feature of his philosophy and which served as the landmark of his metaphysics reaching the peak.