从一组有关言语的谚语看人类共同的言语观

Proverbs about Speech and Silence: A Universal Linguistic Perspective

作为传统文化积淀和精髓的谚语在语言交际中有着微妙和不可替代的作用。反映人类独有的语言能力本身的谚语折射出人类文化的共核和相通性。通过分析不同国家或语言中的一组相同或相似的谚语 ,笔者从跨语言角度探讨与言谈和沉默有关的谚语 ,考虑谚语的功能和目的以及其如何表现出人类交际中可能存在的普遍语义意图 ,试图从对谚语的对照中领悟其对人类交际的作用 ,交际意图作为表达言语和沉默的谚语有效分类基础 ,以及这组谚语在建构人类文化史的共核的意义。

As culturally distilled and quintessential elements, proverbs play in speech communication a subtle and irreplaceable function. The proverbs that denote human possessed linguistic competence reflect the core of communicativeness in the same or similar genre from a number of languages, the author tries to come up with 1) In general terms, a comparative study of proverbs can throw insight upon the ways and means of human communication; 2) Communicative intention provides an effective basis for the classification of proverbs referring to speech and silence; 3) This group of proverbs constitutes a source of ethnographic data that are valid in constructing a picture of universal traditional cultural core.