从国外特教对象的演变看我国特殊教育的改革

The World Trends of Serving the Special Needs and It's Implication to Special Education in China

近代世界特殊教育经历了从思想到实践的过程 ;中国特殊教育经历了从照搬到创新的过程。特殊教育对象也在不断分化 ,最终形成了特殊需要儿童的概念 ,这就要求实施全纳教育 ,满足所有儿童的教育需要。当代特殊教育对象演变趋势表现为 :以学习障碍儿童教育为重点 ;重视超常儿童教育 ;加强生计教育 ;促进终身教育体系的完善 ;开展全方位的一体化教育服务。通过对特殊教育对象演变的分析 ,对中国特殊教育改革的启示为 :努力扩大特殊教育对象 ;贯彻因材施教原则 ;提供生计教育 ;进一步发展超常儿童教育 ;正确认识一体化项目中的特殊儿童 ;改革师资培训制度 ;做好特殊儿童家长工作。

The development of special education in the world have been developed from theory to practice. The development of special education in China was from adaptation to innovation. The definitions of special learners are changed constantly. Now we use the concept of Children with Special Needs. Thus inclusive education was adopted to replace special education. The requirement is that every child should be sent to school. There are several trends of special learners, such as pay attention to the education of children with learning disability and gifted and talented children; offer survival education and life long education; educating children for social integration. The effects of the trends to the special education in China are: helping more special children to enjoy education; teaching them according to individual needs; offering survival education; paying attention to the gifted and talented children; understanding the position of the special learners in the integrating programs; reforming the special teacher training system; helping the parents etc.