多义、歧义、双关辨析

The Discrimination between Polysemy, Ambiguity and Pun

多义、歧义、双关是人们一直关注的三种语义现象。它们之间有很多相似性,但实质不同。多义、歧义、双关处于不同语言层面。双关的双层含义是由表达者创设的,接受者需要领悟;歧义的多层含义不是表达者创设的,是因接受者的歧解产生的。歧义是消极的,双关是积极的。多义是生产双关的原因之一。双关义的关系有主次之分,多义义项之间的关系是并列的。歧义是一种不规范的言语现象,多义是一种客观存在,无所谓规范不规范。

Polysemy, ambiguity, pun are three semantic phenomena which people always concern. They have many similarities, but essentially, they are different in language level. The dual-layers of a pun are established by the speaker and need to be comprehended by the listener; the several meanings of ambiguity is caused by listener's misinterpretation instead of the speaker's. Ambiguity is negative and pun is positive. Polysemy is one reason to cause pun. The relationship between dual-layers of a pun is not parallel, of which one is dominant and the other is subordinate, while the meanings of polysemy are paratactic. Ambiguity is not a standard speech phenomenon while polysemy is objective, which can't be considered as standrad or not.