西方语言学派的哲学渊源

The Philosophical Origin of Western Linguistic School

语言学作为一种对语言的结构、作用方式与历史发展进行研究的学科,其渊源可以追溯到古希腊。语言学的发展与哲学的发展紧密相联。实证主义哲学的发展推动了实验语言学和历史比较语言学的产生;20世纪初经验主义哲学的盛行推动了结构主义语言学的发展;20世纪50年代理性主义哲学思潮的重新兴起,带来乔姆斯基转换生成语法语言学的产生;而现代兴起的体验哲学与认知语言学以及有关语义学、语用学等新兴语言学流派的兴起,都与当时哲学的发展有着不可分割的联系。

Linguistics is scientific study on the structure,ways of function and historical development of language,and its origin can be traced back to the ancient Greece.The development of linguistics has close relationship with philosophy.The development of positivism philosophy brought about experimental linguistics and historical comparison linguistics;the prevalence of experimentalism philosophy in the beginning of the 20th century enhanced the development of structuralism linguistics;the fresh rising of rationalism philosophy in the 1950s brought about the birth of Chomsky's transformational generative grammar;moreover,the rising of experience philosophy,cognition philosophy,semantics,pragmatics and other new linguistic schools in the modern times inevitably has close relationship with the ancient philosophy.