现代西方科学哲学实在论与工具论的斗争

Struggle between realism and instrumentalism in modern western philosophy of science

文章追溯了科学实在论与工具论争论的哲学历史根源,揭示了现代西方哲学以及科学哲学试图用工具论混淆和调和哲学上唯物主义和唯心主义的斗争,虽然他们大都既反对机械唯物主义又反对绝对唯心主义,但是由于受形而上学思维方式的影响,不了解实践在科学认识中的重要作用,因而不能从根本上克服实在与思维的二元对立。只有马克思主义辩证法才能克服实在论与工具论的对立,达到两者的统一。

This paper traces back to the historical origin of philosophy of the controversy between scientific realism and scientific instrumentalism, and brings to light the struggle, in which contemporary western philosophy and philosophy of science try to confuse and mediate with instrumentalism, the materialism and idealism in philosophy. Although both opposing mechanical materialism and absolute idealism, they cannot thoroughly overcome the dual-opposition in reality and thought, for they are affected by the thinking way of metaphysics and do not understand the important role of practice in scientific cognition. The only way to overcome the two opposites is to apply Marxism's material dialectics to the scientific practice.