WTO争端解决机制的报复和交叉报复问题

Retaliation and cross retaliation in WTO dispute settlement mechanism

从正面角度讲,报复是一个当原告政府胜诉而被告国政府不遵守判决时能单边使用的救济;从负面角度讲,它似乎违背WTO原则,而鼓励新的贸易限制。当被告政府拒绝遵守WTO义务时,贸易规则依然允许原告政府对其他国家建立新的贸易壁垒。文章着眼于研究WTO争端解决机制在不服从判决问题上的规定,探讨报复对WTO争端解决是否是一个适当的有效的方法,是否对所有成员国都适用,并对如何更好地改进现行的WTO争端解决机制提出一点建议。

From the positive point of view, retaliation is a unilateral remedy that a complainant government uses for noncompliance of a defendant government; and from the other side, it seems that trade rules nonetheless allow an aggrieved government to erect new trade barriers against another country when its government refuses to abide by WTO obligations. This article looks at how WTO addresses noncompliance, discusses whether retaliation is an effective method and suitable for all members. It tries to propose a few suggestions for further improving the WTO compliance system.