法国启蒙民权思想东传与变异

Prevalence and Variation in the Far East of Civil Right Thoughts of French Enlightenment

法国启蒙民权思想虽然始自法国,但其影响却波及世界众多角落。它所提倡的民主与科学精神不仅直接造就了美国独立战争和法国大革命,而且对近代亚非拉的民族民主革命也起了一种推波助澜的重要作用。正是在它的熏陶和感染之下,近代中国知识分子才初步形成了自己改造旧社会、批判旧思想的思想利器。同时由于中西文化固有的差异和时代特点,中国知识分子在认知法国启蒙民主思想的过程中也出现了一些误读,而这种误读又在其后的很长一段时间影响着中国社会的进程。

Even though the enlightenment thoughts of civil rights started in France, its influence nearly spread all over the world. The spirit of Democracy and science advocated by French Enlightenment thinkers not only led to the independent war of U.S.A and French Revolutions, but also promoted the development of Asia-Africa-latin' revolutions of nationality and democratism. Just edified by French enlightenment thoughts of civil rights, the intellectuals of modern China gradually grasped the mental weapon to reform the old society and criticize feudalist ideology. Simultaneously, owing to the inherent difference between Chinese and European cultures and the times characteristics, they made different explanations of French enlightenment thoughts of civil rights, and the different explanations have influenced the development progress of Chinese society for a long time.