从自然崇拜到反人类中心主义——人类对人与自然关系认识的三个阶段

From Nature Worship To Anti-anthropocentrism——Three Stages of Humankind's Recognition of the Relationship Between Human and Nature

人类对人与自然之间的关系的认识是随着科学的发展和人类改造利用自然界能力的提高而发生了重大变化。在古代 ,由于认识自然和控制改造自然的能力都极其有限 ,因而人类把自然界当作至高无上的神加以崇拜 ;近代以来 ,由于科学和生产力的迅猛发展 ,人类试图把自然界当作一种异己和敌对的力量加以征服 ;从 2 0世纪 60年代开始 ,由于生态危机日益严重 。

In pace with the development of science and human's ability to remold and utilize the nature, human's recognition of the relationship between human and nature has greatly changed correspondingly. In ancient times, owing to his extremely limited abilities to recognize, control, and remold Nature, man worshiped the Nature as supreme God. In modern times, because of the swift and violent development of science and productive forces, man tried to conquer the Nature as a dissident and an enemy. From the 1960s, increasingly serious ecological crisis has led to the emergence of ideological trend of anti-anthropocentrism.