高等学校学校评价的缺失与矫正

The Absence and Correction of School Evaluation in Universities and Colleges

科学、合理、适时、适量的学校评价是学校成长与发展的重要资源,繁多、无序、技术手段又相对滞后的学校评价,则不利于学校的成长与发展。传统的外控评价、模块化评价、即时性评价,虽依然表现出自身的功能和价值,但学校评价方式的变革与整合,已成为学校教育发展需要的必然。校本评价、开放式评价、发展性评价在推进学校成长与发展中的功能和价值正日益彰显。

Because of the ignored items after linearization, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) becomes a form of suboptimal gradient descent algorithm. The emanative tendency exists in GPS solution when the filter equations are ill-posed. The deviation in the estimation cannot be avoided. Furthermore, the true solution may be lost in pseudorange positioning because the linearized pseudorange equations are partial solutions. To solve the above problems in GPS dynamic positioning by using EKF, a closed-form Kalman filter method called the two-stage algorithm is presented for the nonlinear algebraic solution of GPS dynamic positioning based on the global nonlinear least squares closed algorithm-Bancroft numerical algorithm of American. The method separates the spatial parts from temporal parts during processing the GPS filter problems, and solves the nonlinear GPS dynamic positioning, thus getting stable and reliable dynamic positioning solutions.