烟草漂浮育苗系统中培养基质对烟苗生长发育影响的研究

Effects of medium on tobacco transplant growth and development in floating system

本文研究了烤烟漂浮育苗系统中培养基质对烟苗生长发育的影响。结果表明 ,1.漂浮育苗基质中有机质材料的比例对烟苗生长发育具有重要作用。在以草炭、蛭石、膨化珍珠岩为原料的培养基中草炭比例以 5 0 %～ 70 %较为适宜 ,低于 40 %或高于 80 %均影响烟苗根系的发育。 2 .有机质材料的选择应充分利用当地自然资源条件 ,因地制宜开发利用。以一定比例的腐熟作物残体代替草炭亦是完全可行的 ,同样能够培育出根系发达 ,均匀一致的壮苗。 3.基质配比确定后 ,苗盘中基质容重对烟苗影响较大。试验以美国漂浮育苗商品基质 Sunshine Tobacco Mix L T5为材料 ,证明苗盘装填容重在 0 .15～ 0 .2 5 g/m L适宜于烟苗的生长发育。 4.基质中加入少量的肥料 ,有利于烟苗前期的发育 ,肥料浓度超过5 0 mg/L即影响烟苗生长。试验显示营养液中的氮和钙、镁、铜、铁、锰等元素在基质上部富集 ,可产生肥料盐害。 5 .漂浮育苗与传统育苗方式相比 ,烟苗移栽大田后还苗快 ,生长迅速 ,增加收获叶片数 ,促进烟株开片开秸 ,为烟叶的优质丰产奠定了良好的基础。

Experiments were carried out to study the effects of medium on tobacco transplant growth and development in floating system. Results showed: 1. The medium ratio played an important role to tobacco growth and development. In the media mix of peat, vermiculite and fine perlite, peat ratio at 50%~70% was suitable to tobacco root development. The ratio above 80% or under 40% was unfavorable for tobacco growing and developing. 2. Rotted crow straw instead of peat was feasible. It is suggested to take advantage of the native source as medium materials. 3. When filling, the medium volume-weight in cells of tray at 0.15mg/L^0.25mg/L gave good results by using Sunshine Tobacco Mix LT5 (Amercian medium) as the experiment material. 4. Medium with small quantity fertilizers (under 50mg/kg) were benefit to tobacco seedling growth. In upper of the medium, the element accumulation of N,Ca,Mg, Cu, Fe and Mn may be harmful to the plant. 5. Comparing with the traditional tobacco transplant production, floating system gave the good solution for producing quality transplant, this high quality tobacco.=