论作品——关于作品的几个共性问题

On Intellectual Works——About the universality of several works

作品是版权的客体,是著作权法中最重要的概念之一。虽然给作品下精确的概括式定义,并准确地把握作品的内涵与外延是极为困难的,但可以从肯定和否定两方面把握作品的范围。作品具有表达方式的独创性,表达对象的确定性,客观的表现形式和可复制性。对作品进行分类,既可以从作品自身的角度确定分类标准,也可以从创作作品的主体的角度确定分类标准。可复制性是作品的构成要件之一,而复制又是最重要的使用作品方式。复制的实质是在表达方式和表达对象两方面再现原作品并将其固定在一定载体上。作品与商标、外观设计之间存在竞合关系,但作品的版权保护不能代替商标权和外观设计专利权的保护。

A work is the object of the copyright and one of the most important concepts of the copyrights set by the copyright law.Though it's very difficult to define it generally to exactly master the works'intention and extension,it's quite certain to grasp the works'scope in positive or negative ways.A work possesses the originality to express the cer- tainty of expressed subjects,the objective expressing fonns and reproductivity categorizing the works can determine the classification standard both from the angle of the work itself and from the angle of the object created.Reproductiveness is one of the components,while reproducing is the most important way of using the works.The essence of reproductitiveness is reproduce it and fix it on some carrier in the expression way and objects.There are some superposition relationships between works,trademark and design,but the production of works cannot replace the production of the right for trade- mark and patent right for design.