对传统逻辑中几个问题的探析

Observations About the Problems in Traditional Logic

本文探讨了肯定判断谓项的周延性与排中律的适用范围两个问题,就“肯定判断的谓项有时周延”的主要论点进行了逐一评述,论证了“所有肯定判断的谓项都不周延”。与此同时,分析了国内外学者关于排中律的适用范围的主要观点存在着的某些缺陷与不足,指出了排中律的实质在于排除彼此穷尽的思想间的其他可能性。排中律的适用范围只是两种彼此穷尽的思想,未必是两种互相排斥的思想。

This article probes into two problems:the scope of application of the principle of excluded middle,the distribution of predicate in the positive judgment.On the statement that the predicate in the positive judgment sometimes is distributive,the main point is reviewed in detail.It is argued that all predicates in the positive judgment are undis- tributed.The author analyzes the defectiveness of the leading view about the scope of application of the principle of ex- cluded middle,pointing out that the essentials of principle of excluded middle is to obviate others possibilities between the two thoughts exhausting each other.The scope of application of the principle of excluded middle is only a couple of thoughts which exhausts each other,but not two mutually exclusive ones.