动机研究的历史演变

History evolution of motivation researches

心理学中的动机研究以２０世纪６０年代为界可分为两个时期，之前主要以行为主义和精神分析理论为主导，强调本能、冲动、驱力、体内平衡等生物性的因素在决定人的动机和行为方面的直接作用。６０年代以后，认知的观点逐步介入到动机研究中来，研究的课题发生了很大的变化，出现了归因理论等强调认知因素的动机理论，并使传统的基于行为主义观点的自我效能理论、习得无助理论在内容上发生了巨大的变化。

Behaviorism and psychoanalysis theories were dominating over the motivation researches in psychology before the sixties of the 20th century,which emphasized the effect of biological factors such as insticts , impulses, drives and inner bal- ances on motivations and behaviors. the that, the cognitive perspectives in psychology were introduced to motivation re- searches,Some new motivation theories such as attribution theory emerged, which leaded to great changes in topics in motiva- tion researches, and changed the foundation of traditional behaviorism motivation theories such as self - efficacy theory. learned helplessness theory.